Combination-lock



E. IVI. BENHAVI.

COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLxcATloN FILED JULY 23,1917.

SE OQ i unirse sra'rns,

PA'raNT crema Ml' BENI-IAM, 0I` NORWOODOHIO,IASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO THIELMQSLER LH OlVIPANY, 0]? CINGINNATI, 01H10, ACRPORATIUN 0F 0l-1110.`

` COMBINATION-Leen Spccication ofLetters Patent.` i Patented July (i,1920.

` application meer :any es, 1917. sei-iai no. 182,182.

To allwltomz'tmay concern lie it known that" l, Encan M. BENI-rari,

a citizen of the United itates,"resi`ding at Norwood, 1n thecounty ofl-lamilton and o itateof Uhio, have `invented new and use` ful`lmprovements in Combinatio11-Locks,` of 'whichthefollowing 1s aspecification.

`lll/ly invention relates to permutation or combination locks; itsobject being to simplify `and improve the system of underlyingprinciples ofstructure and" operation,

and produce a superior safety lock adapted to analmost unlimited rangeof combination settings which may he' easily and quickly]changedasdesired, and operated by "directsingle movements of the dial to` thesuccessive innnhers without the multi.- plied intermediate revolutions"heretofore necessary in tumbler locks. j Thus, not only" is themanualWorkinginuch simplilied but the"neccssity ofearrying in the mind asomewhat complicated system` of movements entirely avoided. i

'ihe details of structure and of movement whereby these results areaccomplished will `more fully appear in the following specification, 1nconnection with the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred formof mymvention.

lnthe drawings, ,i 1 ,i

ll'igurel is a faceviefw of the tumbler system carried upon the stump ofthe pri mary `drive wheel detached from the dial: arbor;` j o j i o vFig. 2.a sideelevation of the same systemshown in j iositionnpon thestump ofthe i i primary drive wheel in connection with the j auxiliarydrive wheel carried upon the dial in axial section ofthe detached.; j

arbor; j, j i lilo'. 3` a face view and Fw; l anelevation in i v eprimary drive Wheel ll ig. `5 "a face vien7 j and `corresponding axialsection of one of the enlargedfriction washersdetached; and y j o Fig.`6.a face view and corresponding,edge

elevation ofl one of the lingers or pavvls used with each tumbler.`

" 1 `Referring to the the primary drive wheel `carried loosely on thearbor cl of the dial C, andhaving an drawings A1 designates extended huborif" stump o a on which are carriedthe tumblers or disks, b1 Z22l be,fornr ing a` nest or systemoperatmg inconnection `with theprimarydrive-wheel A? and au auxiliaryn drive wheel A2 adjacent thereto,the latterbeing liredly but removably securedfashy a key c1) upon thedial arbor c and'having a laterally projecting lug c2 entering asegmental slot al in the drive wheel A1. i `The disks are unitary andare duplicates `one of another, placed consecutively adjacent, eachprovided with a peripheral slot e corresponding with similar slots s1 s2in the primary and auxiliary drive Wheels lil A2 respectively. Each diskis toothed around its .entire periphery and numbered clockwise(exceptingfor the vacant spaces of theslots syl-the teeth being spacedapart correspondinglywith theunit marks upon the dial C continuouslyfrom l to vl00-the starting point being the center of the slot s.

With each of the dislrsexcepting the first (which has but one) isassociated two radial fingers lor pavvls rl, duplicates, each formed asshown in Fig. 6, `with a loop to embrace the stump a, and extendedradially beyond the periphery of the disk with its projecting "terminalbent forward and downwardmas `the drive wheel A? and are prevented frominter-rotation thereon by projections e fitting in opposite side groovesa3 of the stump ap The peripheral surfaces of the drive Wheels A? A?andi` of the friction washersli present a smooth riding-surface fortheanglebar F, out ofactual contact with thedisks. `The angle-bar alsoserves as i an arresting stop for the rotative movement ofithe disks hycontact with the radially projecting fingers orpawls-d. It may nowoperates the lateral projection a2 of the auxiliary" drive wheel A2 isarranged as be explained that the segmental opening ai fofthe primarydrive wheel A1 in which [peripheral slots 81 s2. By this constructionthe kprimary drive .wheel A1 lagsv behind Y ythe auxiliary' drive wheel5A2 so that at no time do the peripheral slots s1 's2 registerU except inthelastV movement of working the combination, to be indicated later.The' special purpose her.e, isvl to keep the angle bar from touching anydisk peripherally while theA combination isbeing run;

It 'will b e. seen` that .the rotation of the dial' Cf'afndf'its arbor ccarries all the disks Vin unison ,through the co-aetion of the'aux''iliary drive wheel A2' and the primary drive wheelrAlruponwhose stumpthev disks are f mounted, and the frictional engagement of thepositively-driven Jfriction washers E with th'edisks'. f Y .i/Biit, one'afterl another, the rotation' of the disksis'` Varrested byV contact oftheir pawll tips with theianglebar F,-atone side or 'they' other,according-to the direction or"v rotation'- -each-v disk being rotatedindependently' and not' by a movement communicated through and bytheydisk series. Each one; is also'independently arrested by conthedisksarrangedfwith the slots s and s1 in lille.` s, or Y Y Y Then, whilepreserving they slot-alinen'ient, the ingerpawls ofrfeachin turn aredisengaged and resetv by vrotating the disk until ,the desired numberappears in the slot vacancy ofthe disk in iront', and engaging the pawlanew and moving the disk to bring back to alinement, and soV to the Theelements ot the Acombination selected Y should be at least fivenumbers'-apartv and the vfir-st'shouldbe between 2O and 8O.v Y

n The modeuofV operation is as follows: y

The setting ojt'the vdisksto `respond to Ygiven numbers isbyiz'idjustmerit 4of the i f the Aprimary .driveV wheel, all rotate withit ypa'wls, onefv's'ets the han'dsofe clock, tof

tlifegiven dial nui'nbers reproduced thereon', and` secure the same in;proper engagement with the diskteeth.'Y The' first disk- (nearest thedrive wheels) carries `but one pawl, while thelothersttwo inthe presentillustration) y' I carry 'twolpawls each, which,f for conven- 55"ien'ce-, wegV may designatev primary and Vsecondary i The dis'ksbeingheld as de'- ,scribed, each independently of the others,v

byfrictional ei'iga'gemeiit upon the stump of asfthe dial is rotated,until'one orV another is v caught andheld temporarilyfragainst rotationby- Contact of its pawl-termin'al (primfa'ry orsecondary, accordingitolthe direction olf'rotatioii) with thefangle bar'. f Y

Tn selecting numbers for combination I make allowance for the aggregatedlost motion, (l) of the slot-connectioii between the primary andsecondary drive wheels; the width of the angle bar; and (3) the widthofone pawl, which, together, con stitute a circumferential space,-forex- Yample, oi ten unit markings,being five on each side: or zero; sothat the highest number availablefor a combination will be 95, land thelowest 5. Supposing the combination to be 80-85-65-91i, (94 being afixed numberfor all combinations) the pawl of No. l disk is set at SO;the primary pawl of No. 2 disk at 85 and its secondary at a num- Y berless than SO and greater than -say 70;

and the primary of No. 3 disk at G5, and its secondaryrat a numbergreater than S5- say'95. lius the angle formed by the pawls of Y'No1 '2disk is within that formed by those of No; 8 disk, and the pawl of No. ldiskis within' this smaller angle.

('1) li now the' dialv be turned to the left the primary pawl oi' No. 3disk is first arrested and No. 3 disk held against further rotation bythe angle bar; but, continuing the rotation', the secondary p'awl of No.2 disk is in' the same manner arrested and its disk held againstrotation; and on registering 80, the pawl of No. l disk is in likemanner arrested1y and its'slot alined with the slot in tleprimary drivewheel.

(Q) The next dial movement is to the right, resulting in the airestfirst of the secondary pawl of No. 3 disk next, of the primary pawl orNo. 2 disk, and upon registering 85, the'slot's ofNo. l and No. 3 diskswill be alined with the primary drive wheel.

(3) The dia-lV movement is next to the left to the dial number 65,arresting the primary pawl of disk'No. 3, which alines its slots withthe other previously alined, thus bringing all Vthe slots in alinement.A reversal of rotation or' the dial to theprightto 94, (the fixednumber), brings the slot of the primary drive wheel in line with ytheangle bar with which the disks are already alined; and a slight motiontoward zero (to take up the' lost motion between the drive wheels) linesthe secondary drive wheel vwith the first and allows the angle bar tofall into the alinedf slots.

Thus the principle of the invention may be said t-'o reside in theinventive idea of a series, or systeniof'tumblers consisting of tootheddisks, carried loosely upon the stump of a drive wheel embracing thedial arbor, and rotated by frictional engagement ,with said stumpindependently of each other and the provision of primary and secondaryradial adjustable pawlsv (one only `for the first in series) securedupon the disks and" arra1iged` at successively enlarging angles intheseries relationv of the disks and adaptedA to be independently arrestedby' contact with the angle bar by successively temeva reversedmovementsv of the dial. It resides also in part in the constructivefeatures and arrangement of the parts contributing to the `system ofthree disks, but a greater number .may be used and the range of possiblecombinations thereby be increased without departing from the principleinvolved.

l claim as my invention' and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the yUnited stump, and each provided with one or more radial pawls,circumferentially adjustable V in relation thereto; and an angle bar ex-Li [i tended across said drive-wheels and disks in the rotative path of'the projecting exf tremitiesoi said pawls as an arresting stop;

said drive-wheels and disks being peripherallyslotted to receive theangle-bar.

2. In a combination lock of the character indicated, a dial arbor; aperipherally slotted drive-wheel having an extended `hub `lrmselyseatedon said arbor; a plurality of peripherally slotted and notched disks oia slightly less diameter than the drive-wheel and carried Aloosely onsaid hub but friction- `ally engaged therewithin rotation; and a fenceor angle-bar extended across said disks and drive-wheel and resting bygravity on the latter. i

3. lin a combination lock of the;Y character indicated, a dial arbor; aslotted drive wheel i with extended hub; the nest of disks on arealined.

said hub; and a second drive-wheel secured tixedly on the dial arboradjacent to the `first and loosely interconnected therewith in rotationto permit the first drive wheel to lag behind su'liiciently to preventalinement of the drivewheels until all the disks It. ln a combinationlock of the character indicated, the combination of a dial arbor; i

a drive-wheel or tumbler with extended hub carried loosely thereon andadapted to carry on its said hub a nest of disk tumblers; and a seconddrive-wheel or tumbler carried fixcdly on the said dial arbor outwardlyad- L- jacent to the first drive-wheel or tumbler as a holder, andinterconnected therewith for rotation.

5. ln a tumbler lock of the character indicated, a dial arbor; a slotteddrive-wheel with extended hub, loosely mounted thereon; a plurality ofindependent notched and slotted tumbler-disks carried loosely on saidhub; a corresponding series of friction washers of the same diameter asthe drivewheel non-rotatively seated on said hub between the tumblerdisks; and a second drivewheel fixed on said dial arbor outwardlyadjacent to the first drive wheel and interconnected therewith forrotation.

6. ln a combination lock of the character indicated, the combination ofa dial arbor; an auxiliary drive wheel seated ixedly upon the said arborand having a peripheral slot;

a primary drive wheel having a peripheral H slot and an extended hub andcarried loosely upon the said arbor in driving relation with theauxiliary drive-wheel; a plurality of disk-tumblers each having aperipheral slot and carried loosely on said stump, provided with radialpawls extending outward beyond the peripheries and adjustable tonormally fixed relation therewith; a corresponding series of rictionalwashers, each having a peripheral slot and carried in fixed rotativeconnection `with the stump with the peripheral slots in alinement withthat oi' the primary drive-wheel7 said washers being severally arrangedin frictional contact with said disk-tumblers; and an angle barextending across and riding upon the friction washers and drive-wheelsout of contact with the disk-tumblers, in the path of the radiallyextended pawls.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand.

andan ni. Bennati.

